静思晨语 - 2011年5月31日 - 59 - 四心六度

The Four Immeasurables and the Six Perfections

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我们每天，每天好像我都说同样的话，每天所说的话虽然都一样，不知道大家有没有进入脑海？有没有以理入心，同时行在日常生活中。做到了道理入心，我们就可以多一番人间智识。我们如果做得到，就可以成长一分慧命，所以我们学佛必定要依仗佛法，依佛陀的教法，按部就班、循规蹈矩好好把握。

Every day, I seem to be saying the same things, but have you all taken in what I have said? Have you instilled these principles in your mind and practiced them in your daily living? If we take the teachings to heart, we can have a better understanding of this world. When we practice these principles, we can further develop our Wisdom-life. In learning Buddhism, we must rely on Buddha-Dharma, follow the Buddha's teachings in accordance with the sequence He outlined, and make the most of them by practicing them.

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第四发菩提心者
经言 当乐佛身
佛身者即法身也
从无量功德智慧生

所以在发菩提心这段忏文，我们已经体会到经中所说的就是要「当乐佛身」。既然是学佛，我们就要对佛起那分欢喜好乐的心。佛身所说的就是法身，也就是无量功德的智慧。无量功德的智慧，各位，我想这是很重要的，我们要追求佛法，我们如果疏忽掉要追求无量智慧功德，这样我们就没有什么好再学，所以我们必定要从无量功德智慧去追求。

In the passage of the Repentance Text about developing Bodhicitta, we realize that we must "take joy in the Buddha-body". Since we are learning Buddha's way, with respect to the Buddha, we should give rise to a joyous heart. Buddha- body refers to His Dharma-body, which is also the wisdom of infinite merit and virtue. Fellow practitioners, I think this is very important. As we seek Dharma, if we neglect the pursuit of infinite wisdom, merits, and virtues, then there is nothing else worth learning. Therefore, we must pursue our goals with infinite wisdom, merits & virtues.

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从六波罗蜜生
从慈悲喜舍生
从三十七助菩提法生

追求的东西到底是什么呢？就是这段时间说过的，四心，就是四无量心，六波罗蜜，加上三十七助道品。

What exactly are we pursuing? We pursue the 4 Infinite Minds or 4 Immeasurables, the 6 Paramitas, and also the 37 Practices to Enlightenment.

四无量心就是这么简单，在慈济人人都听得懂，人人都向四无量心去精进，因为四无量心在慈济世界，变成四项大事。

The 4 Immeasurables are very simple. In Tzu Chi, we all understand and diligently cultivate the 4 Infinite Minds. Tzu Chi's Four Missions stem from the Four Infinite Minds.

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开启众人的爱心
让人人感受到幸福与快乐
即是「大慈」

Inspire the love in the hearts of others. Allow everyone to feel fortunate and happy. This is Great Loving-kindness.

就是救济的慈善，佛陀不是教育我们要去布施吗？布施、救济，这就是慈，慈无量，在救济布施的过程，其实很辛苦，要去教富才能去济贫，我们如果没有教富，对贫穷苦难人，我们要怎么去付出呢？必定要有世间人启发了爱心，付出了世间财，世间财的累积，我们才有办法去做布施救济的工作。

Take the Mission of Charity for example. The Buddha taught us to give. To give and provide relief is loving-kindness. Loving-kindness is infinite. The process of providing relief is arduous. We must educate the rich in order to help the poor . If we do not educate the rich, how can we give to those in need? We need people to awaken the love in their hearts and contribute their worldly wealth so we will have the means to do charity and relief work.

话再说回来，很多世间人就是富有却不快乐，很惊惶也很痛苦。惊惶的是患失，惊慌、担忧、害怕失去，这种患失的心态。地位愈高、名愈大、钱愈多，这种患失的心理很怕。

Many wealthy people in the world are unhappy, anxious, and miserable. They are anxious and worried about losing what they have. Worries about loss increase with the increase in status, fame, and wealth. Dwelling on loss creates great fear.

但是还有一部分平常的人想要「得」，所以不择手段，做一些真的是伤天害理(的事情)，昧了良知，还是一样就是想要得，所以得到的到底是什么？失去的又是什么？但是凡夫无法去体会人世间名相的名利、物质(的真实本就是无常)，所以一般的人患得患失。

There are also those who seek to attain things. Therefore, they act unscrupulously, do ruthless and harmful things which are morally wrong, all in the pursuit of gains. But what do they really gain? What do they really lose? Ordinary people cannot realize the impermanent nature of fame, wealth, and material goods, so they worry about gains & losses.

甚至有的人，做工很辛苦，汗流浃背，怕没有工作好做，这也叫做患得。今天的工做完了，明天还有没有工作可做？也是担心。所以这种患得患失的心态也是烦恼。

Some people work hard and perform backbreaking labor because they are always worried about not having work. This is worry about gains. "Today's work is finished but will there be work tomorrow?" They fret about this. Such worries about gains and losses are also a form of affliction.

所以我们「教富」，不只是富有物质的，就算他的物资(质)没了，不过，心灵还是很担忧，我们也可以启发他，没钱能够出力，同样可以做好事。看我们慈济里面，多少富中之富的人生，多少贫中之富的人生？

So we do not just teach those who are materially rich. If people lose their material wealth and are filled with worry, we can inspire them to contribute their strength toward doing good deeds. In Tzu Chi, we see many who are wealthy and spiritually rich , and many who are poor yet spiritually rich.

常常看到「草根菩提」，每天看到就每天欢喜。你们看，他们也可以做得很好，可以保护大地，可以垃圾变黄金，可以把黄金化清流，与大地众生结缘。这分法，可以流转在世界各个国家，只要看到大爱台，自然就心开意解，真正欢喜。不快乐的人生，可以变得很快乐。这也是这群草根菩提，大家家境不是很好，但是他愿意付出。身体不是很好，他愿意忍耐去做。所以忍着身体的病痛，在困难的生活中，他还要拿出生活以外的时间来做。他虽然欠缺物资，虽然欠缺健康的身体，但是他同样做得到，这能得到很大的欢喜，这叫做「慈」。

I often watch our TV program, "Grassroots Bodhi" on recycling volunteers. I'm filled with joy looking at what they have accomplished. They can protect the Earth, sell the recyclables for money, and use the money to support Da Ai TV. Such acts connect them to people around the world. The programs are broadcast in various countries. When people watch Da Ai TV, their minds become open and understanding and they will experience true joy. Those who are unhappy can turn their life into a happy one . The recycling volunteers are not wealthy, but they are willing to give. Some are in poor health, but they willingly bear the pain to do the work. In the midst of difficult living conditions and physical pain, they still make time to do volunteer work. Even without material wealth or good health, they still contribute as much as anyone else, and experience great happiness. This is called loving-kindness.

慈善教富，启发人人心中富有爱心。所说的教富不全是有钱人，是教人人心中有这分爱，人人对慈善的工作都做得到，有的出钱，有的出力，让人人能得到这分感受，能欢喜快乐，这就是慈的教育。

Teaching spiritual wealth with loving-kindness awakens the abundant love in people's minds. To teach spiritual wealth is to awaken everyone's love so that everyone can contribute their share in charity work. Some give money, others give time and energy, so everyone can experience the joy of giving. This is teaching loving-kindness.

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视天下人为生命共同体
尽力为其拔除苦痛
即是「大悲」

Realize the interconnectedness of all living beings. Do your best to relieve the suffering of others. This Is Great Compassion.

「悲」——拔苦。苦莫过于病痛，医疗的教育。你看病人，多少苦难人，人生最苦莫过于病痛，真苦！但是有了好的医疗，好得医疗团体，这样病人就可以得到解脱。在花莲慈济医院，有一位台东卅一岁的中年人忽然间往生了，他们愿意把他的器官捐赠出去。我们接到这个讯息，马上赶紧去寻找这个个案，发现中部草屯有一位条件符合的张先生。

Compassion is about relieving suffering. The greatest suffering in life comes from illness. This is what we learn from the Mission of Medicine. Look at the patients, they are indeed suffering. In life, illness causes the greatest suffering. However, with good medical treatment and a good medical team, patients can be relieved from this pain. In the Tzu Chi Hospital in Hualien, a 31-year-old man from Taitung suddenly passed away. His family was willing to donate his organs. When we received this news , we immediately looked for appropriate recipients. We found a Mr. Zhang in Caotun, around Taichung, who was a match.

接到我们的通知，问他：「你愿意接受吗？」听到很欢喜，说：「愿意。」愿意就马上搭飞机过来。虽然那个时候气候不是很稳定，但是他也愿意，这是难得的机会。既然愿意，那边准备要过来，我们这边的医生，就马上开车到台东去取肝。取回来之后，患者也到达了，医生很欢喜，赶紧通知患者入开刀房，结果一开下去，一、二十个钟头。把这位卅一岁的人的肝，很健康、很美的肝，拿来换在一位将近五十岁的人身上。不好的肝拿出来，一看，颜色是黑的。再把这个粉红色的肝换上去。

When we asked him, "Are you willing to accept this liver?". He was overjoyed and consented. He was willing to fly to Hualien immediately. Even though the weather was unstable, he was still willing to do so, for it was a rare and precious opportunity. Since he was willing and on his way, our doctor set off immediately to Taitung to retrieve the liver. When the doctor returned, he was happy to see the patient and quickly prepared him for surgery. The surgery took around 20 hours. The liver of the 31-year-old donor was healthy. It was placed into a nearly 50-year-old man. The diseased liver, which had turned black, was replaced with a healthy pink liver.

虽然经过了一、二十个钟头的手术，但还是很成功的完成了，送入加护病房。在一天的时间之内，就可以把在病人身上安置的插管，一一拔下来，因为肝已经换到他的身上，肾脏也起作用了，排泄出来的东西很漂亮，所以身上的插管已经可以一根一根的拿下来。两天后，不到三天他就可以离开加护病房。很欢喜，恢复得很好，这位张先生充分的感恩。他说：「除了感恩慈济的医院有提供这么好的设备以外，也感恩医疗团队，医疗团对抢救回他的生命。」同时他也知道，在他身上输血一万多CC，他说： 「一个人如果捐血二百五十CC，这一万CC差不多要四十多人。」他还说：「有这么多的人捐血给我，说不定在街道上走，和我这样互相擦肩而过的那个人，说不定就是捐血给我的人。」

Although the surgery lasted almost 20 hours, it was a success and the patient was sent to the Intensive Care Unit. Within a day, some of the tubes in his body could be removed. With a healthy liver in his body, his kidneys began to function normally. Seeing that his waste discharges appeared normal, the doctors decided to remove his tubes. He was transferred out of ICU on the third day. ​​He was very happy and recovered very quickly. The patient, Mr. Zhang, was more than grateful . He said, "Aside from being grateful for these excellent medical facilities, I am also grateful for the medical team who worked to save my life". Furthermore, he knew that this body was infused with more than 10 liters of blood. He said , "If one person donates 250cc of blood,10 liters had to come from over 40 donors. So many people donated blood for me. Perhaps I will walk past one of them on the street".

的确人生的人与人之间，有很多像这种能生命共通，我身上有你的血，或是你的身上有我的骨髓。现在医疗发达，可以用好的设备、好的仪器，有好的人、好的医生，我们就可以及时救人。所以各位，医疗就可以抢救生命，有时救一条生命，就是就一个家庭。

Indeed, between human beings there are many such things that can be shared. I may have your blood flowing in my veins, or you may have my bone marrow in your body. With the advancements in medicine, with good facilities and equipment, and with good doctors and medical personnel, we can quickly save people. So medical care can save lives. Sometimes saving one life is equal to saving a whole family.

我还看到这位张先生他的妈妈，当她的孩子开刀之后，妈妈就提了一大堆行李过来，她打算可能需要很久的时间在这里陪她的儿子。但是当她到达医院之后，看到儿子已经可以和她说话了，身体健康情形很好。又听到医生说一个星期之后就可以出院了，妈妈就已经安心了。

After Mr. Zhang had his surgery, his mother brought a lot of luggage with her because she wanted to accompany her son. She thought he might have a long convalescence. When she arrived, her son could already talk and was recovering well. The doctor said that he should be discharged in a week. The mother was put at ease.

他还有妻子、小孩，他本身也是在一个医疗机构上班，他对社会还有贡献。人生的价值就是要有很多的因缘和合。医疗就是抢救生命、拔苦众生。这些要很多人的爱心来成就，这叫做大悲。

Mr. Zhang also has a wife and children. He himself worked at a medical facility. He still had a lot to contribute to society. For such a life to be saved depends on the convergence of many causes and conditions. The purpose of medical care is to save lives and relieve suffering. This requires the love of many people. This is called Great Compassion.

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转化烦恼
让人起肯定与欢喜心
即是「大喜」

Transform and eliminate afflictions, so you can evoke appreciation and joy in others. This is called Great Joy.

大喜就是文化。看看现在从平面的文化，已经做到立即立体的文化，黄金化清流能绕在全球。看到每天我们能立足台湾、宏观于天下，也是从电视上得到很多讯息。我们到底在台湾做什么？也很快传到全球去。

Great Joy is our Mission of Culture. See how our cultural efforts have expanded from paper publishing to multimedia that can reach the whole world in an instant. We can see the whole world from Taiwan. We get a lot of information from television. News of what we do in Taiwan can also spread quickly around the world.

如果听到有的人，在外面生活很苦闷、很烦恼，甚至想要自杀。看到大爱台之后，忽然清醒过来，然后去找慈济，然后他能去付出，现在活得很欢喜、很快乐。这样的个案很多，不断传回来。这就是启发大家的心，转化大家的烦恼，变成欢喜、安心。这是文化的工作。

I have heard of people who were depressed, afflicted, and even contemplating suicide, who came to their senses after watching Da Ai TV. They sought out Tzu Chi and began contributing to others, so now they lead happy and meaningful lives. There are many such cases that were reported back to us. The programs awaken people's minds and transform their afflictions into joy and peace. This is the Mission of Culture.

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无所求地为他人付出
即是「大舍」

Give unconditionally to others. This is Great Giving in Equanimity.

教育。看到孩子一个个长大了，看到孩子一个个成就，真的是社会希望的教育。人生的希望也同样是在教育。无论家庭、社会、人生都需要教育。教育要舍，的确，办教育是一件很辛苦的事。

As for our Mission of Education, when we see children grow up one by one and become accomplished, we realize that the hope of society lies in education. The future of each person also lies in education. Individuals, families, and society all need education . Teaching requires giving. Providing education is indeed a difficult mission.

各位，四大志业，「慈、悲、喜、舍」，必定要用无量心，这叫做四无量心。要有「大慈无量、大悲无量、大喜无量、大舍无量」，用这四无量心，去实行六波罗蜜——「布施、持戒、忍辱、精进、禅定、智慧」。

Tzu Chi's Four Missions encompass loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Our actions must arise from these 4 sentiments. These are the 4 Infinite Minds. We must have Infinite Loving-kindness, Infinite Compassion, Infinite Joy, and Infinite Equanimity. With these 4 Immeasurables, we practice the 6 Paramitas, which are Giving, Upholding Precepts, Patience, Diligence, Samadhi, and Wisdom.

四心、六度，这就是我们学菩萨法的正行道。正确，就是我们主要要去实行的道路。

The 4 Immeasurables and the 6 Perfections comprise the right path for learning the Bodhisattva's ways. We must practice on this proper path.

所以我们说过「六度万行」。六度─「布施、持戒、忍辱、精进、(禅定、智慧)」，有很多能够补助六度，六度扩散出去就是万行。所有的佛法，都是在这四心、六度里面。我们如果可以日日将心用在四心，行，行在六度。若能这样，我想所有的佛法、藏经所说的教法都在里面。

We have already discussed actualizing the Six Perfections in myriad actions. The 6 Perfections includes Giving, Upholding Precepts, Patience, Diligence. The 6 Perfections have many supporting practices and can be expanded to many actions. All Buddha-dharma is encompassed in the 4 Immeasurables and the 6 Perfections. If we can internalize the 4 Immeasurables and practice the Six Paramitas at all times, this encompasses all the teachings found in the Buddha-Dharma and in the Sutras.

人人学佛不必很复杂，实在是很简单就可以。加上了辅助，就是用三十七助道品来辅助，帮助我们坚固道心。

Learning Buddhism need not be complicated. It can really be quite simple. With assistance from the 37 Practices to Enlightenment, we will strengthen our will to practice.

对境、对人、对事，以三十七助道品时时提高警觉。如果能这样，这我们条菩萨道不难走，实在是很好走。

When we deal with people, matters, and conditions, we can use the 37 Practices to Enlightenment to constantly heighten our vigilance. If we can do this, walking the Bodhisattva-path will not be difficult. It will be an easy journey.

所以学佛，我们要用很简单的心，但是要用很纯真的信，信受奉行。我们一定要很简单、很单纯地信受奉行在四心、六度。这样三十七助道品，应该就在我们的日常生活中。

So we must use a simple mind to learn Buddhism. But we need genuine and pure faith to believe, accept, and practice Buddha's teachings. We must follow the teachings with simple and innocent minds. The 4 Immeasurables, the 6 Perfections, and the 37 Practices to Enlightenment should be applied to our daily living.

虽然反反覆覆(的说明)，但是大家要记得。这样的反反覆覆(的提醒)，到底我们有没有日日感受？所以要请大家时时多用心啊！

I have made these points repeatedly. But everyone must remember this: is this repetition having an impact on us? So everyone, please always be mindful!

出处：http://moya.iyard.org/bin/view/Blog/BlogEntry2311