With Right Thinking, Understand Cause and Effect
这几天，我们每天都在说，烦恼心多障碍，去除烦恼的方法，那就是七种心。
除灭三障当兴七种心，一者惭愧，二者恐怖，三者厌离，四者发菩提心，五者怨亲平等，六者念报佛恩，七者观罪性空。
第一就是惭愧心，有惭愧心的人才能精进，有惭愧心的人，才真的能体会道理，探讨了道理之后，就能多了解惑、业、报。所以我们要时时谨慎，因为世间很多都是在引诱我们的这念心，所以我们要时时起恐怖心，有恐怖的心我们才能精进。
第二恐怖者既是凡夫，身口意业常与罪相应，以是因缘，命终之后应堕地狱、畜生、饿鬼，受无量苦。如此实为可惊可恐，可怖可惧。
所以说「第二恐怖者，既是凡夫，身口意业常与罪相应。以是因缘，命终之后，应堕地狱、畜生、饿鬼，受无量苦。如此实为可惊、可恐、可怖、可惧。」
身业不善造三恶：杀生、偷盗、邪淫。
我们应该知道，凡夫在身、口、意这三项，这都是业。身业不善造三恶「杀生、偷盗、邪淫」。
口业不善造四恶：恶口、妄语、绮语、两舌。
口业不善造四恶「恶口、妄语、绮语、两舌」。
意业不善造三恶：贪、瞋、痴。
意业不善造三恶「贪、瞋、痴」。这三项合起来，所造出来的就是十恶。凡夫造恶的比为善的多，心起动时都是自私的心，比去体会别人的心多。所以我们平时的一切动作，都是以自己为中心，我爱、我怨、我欢喜、我恨，都是一个「我」，面对眼前的境界起这种分别——怨的人来了，我们的心就起那分恨；假使我喜欢的人来了，内心就很欢喜——这种分别心很痛苦。
欢喜的时候，那种执着嫉妒的心也是一样会生起。因为我们喜欢的人，在和别人说话，对别人表达得比较亲切，这样我们也受不了。你想，只是这么简单，人对人之间也容易起这样的心。何况天下物欲据为己有，我们会造出多少动作呢？无论是身行的恶，或是口头的恶，都很容易就造出来。不过我们都是不觉不知。
所以经文里说，我们所做的身口意业，常常都是与罪相应，所以我们应该常常警惕自己「一失人身，万劫难再」。如果我们一失这个人身，命终之后，就「应堕地狱、畜生、饿鬼」这种境界，这就是我们要恐怖的地方。
佛在世时，常常在行动中应机说法。有一次阿难和释迦牟尼佛，走在市集中，看到一位老人，在那里卖鱼。一边叫卖，一边在哭、叫苦，是苦什么呢？老人就说：「为什么上天对我这么不公平，本来这个生意是我儿子在做的，为什么我的儿子会突然间死了？我年纪这么大了，我苦啊！」
佛陀看到这位老人在叫苦，佛陀也一个微微的苦笑；看看那些鱼在生死中挣扎，探头看了，佛陀还是摇摇头，也微微地笑了一下。出了市集，就在乡村的路上走，一只猪全身涂得满是猪粪，在路上走，看到佛陀走过来，它也一直走近来，身上很臭。但是佛陀看到这只诸，还是一样很无奈，还是微微一笑。
阿难平时对于佛陀的行动，一举一动都很细心在留意，看到这样，阿难赶紧走近佛陀。阿难一边走，一边就问佛陀：「佛啊！我觉得很奇怪，刚才在市集中，那位老人在叫苦、在埋怨，看到佛陀您的表情好像很无奈，不过看到您微微一笑，这一定有因缘，佛陀，这位老人，他到底是有什么因缘呢？再看到佛陀探头去看那些鱼，也是一样摇摇头，无奈地苦笑，到底这些鱼，又有什么样的因缘？到现在看到那只猪，佛陀您的形态也是一样，能否请佛陀开示其中因缘？」
佛就就说：「是啊！这就是因缘！你看这个老人，他会那么苦，就是舍不得他的儿子突然死了。再来是为自己的生活怨叹，但是他没有想到，一辈子在捕鱼，鱼在水中的生态，在水中有亲，同样也有子。他在捕鱼时他没有考虑到，鱼也有它们生活的境界。忽做此网，所以亲情分离，所以现在自己的儿子过世了，他就不断叫苦、不断在埋怨。他不知道当初所造的业，亲情分离、残杀生命，他没有感觉，只感受到自己失去一个儿子的苦。我觉得他很令人怜悯、无奈，所以就微微一笑。世间人的愚痴啊！」
佛陀接着说：「再来，看到那些鱼，过去有天人，他能飞天逍遥自在，承着过去生所造的福能够生在天上，好像飞天皇帝一样。我看到鱼中，有这样的人在那里，现在落得在缸瓮中。」
阿难就问：「怎么会那么恐怖啊！本来是天人，飞来飞去那样的逍遥自在，怎么才一转眼就变成在鱼瓮水缸中呢？尤其是在那里待价而沽。」佛陀说：「为善者，得福生天，天福享尽之后，难免恶报难逃。现在只是刚开始而已，未来要受得苦还多著呢！」阿难听了，觉得真的是非常的恐怖。
阿难又接着问佛陀：「您看那头猪，我看刚才它一直跟过来时，佛陀向它微微一笑，这又是什么样的因缘呢？」佛陀说：「说来话长，这只猪在无央数劫之前，有一个小乡村，有两位年轻人。其中一个就是仗着神通，行邪道，以神威作符催咒，对人做一些蛊毒，去损害很多人。不过另外一位年轻人，他很好乐佛法，乐善好施。而这两个人是朋友。这位信奉佛法的年轻人，常常就会跟那位行在邪道中的人说：『信仰要正确。来，我带你去听僧人、出家人，我们去听他们说法，这样我们就能够了解很多人间的道理。』但是这位行邪道的年轻人都会说：『我没空，我还有事情，你先去！』一个是向正道行，另外一个向往偏私的路去。」
佛陀说：「阿难！你知道吗？当时那位向正道精进，身逢佛法，谨慎于自己的行为，持清净戒律的那位年轻人，就是今天的我——释迦牟尼佛。而当时那位行邪道的年轻人，就此往邪道上走，步步陷入邪思、邪见、邪行。所以他今天不只是落入畜生道，他在三恶道中不断轮转，到现在还没有离开畜生道。今天在这个地方遇见，虽然他是跟着我走，但是佛道和畜生道还是离得那么遥远。这只不过是起于当初的一念正与邪的念头，所以现在道路就离得那么远。我看了很无奈，所以我微微一笑。笑是笑众生愚痴！」
佛陀接着说：「六道中，没有一道是常道。就算生为天人，福尽了一样要堕落，堕落在苦难轮回之处。有的是现在才开始，有的历来已久，都是在三恶道中。有的人，现在还是不断在造恶，稍微得到一点的报应，就一直怨天怨地，这都是众生的愚痴。」
听了佛陀对阿难的解释佛的三事微笑，我们应该也要好好警惕。看那位天人，虽然能生在天上，但是难免如果有恶，就算恶小还是要再堕落。两个人都是朋友，这位行于正道的人，也会来劝导他，但是这位行邪道的人还是坚持要走不一样的路。
就算在现代，我们看人与人之间就还是这样。说不定同道，一起来修行，但是在修行当中，身、口、意业，同样不平齐。有的人来修行会很精进，一听就能够理解十样。再利根一点的，能够一闻千悟，听了一点点，他就能了解很多的道理，这就是利根的人。
有的人中等，至少听了能知道十样。再下根机的人，说一样我了解一样。但是如果根机低劣的人，他虽然听是听了，但是听不入心，行为、心念一样我行我素。像这样，虽然他自己说有在修行，但是心偏邪了，这也一样已经失去了正思、正见，所以他就无法正语、正行。很多都只是一念偏差，所以我们现在修行，最重要的就是了解之后，要起那一份的恐怖心。
当下正在做的「因」，导致下一刻的「果」，起心动念、举手投足，无不是业，无不是罪。
开口动舌、语默动静、举手投足，无不是业、无不是罪。因为我们凡夫的心，都是在我自己，一旦私我的心生起，所动作的都是恶多善少。因为这样，所以我们要时时提高警觉，「一失人身，堕落三途，是可惊、可恐、可怖、可惧的事情。」
所以请大家真的时时要多用心啊！记得「惭愧心、怖畏心」，不能从我们的心中消失，要时时警觉！
We have spent the last few days talking about how afflictions can be obstructive. To eliminate afflictions, we need the Seven States of Mind.
Develop Seven States of Mind to eliminate Three Obstructions. First is a sense of shame. Second is a sense of fear. Third is a sense of renunciation. Fourth is developing Bodhicitta. Fifth is impartiality toward all beings. Sixth is repaying the Buddha's grace. Seventh is contemplating the empty nature of evil.
The first is a sense of shame. Only those who feel shame can practice diligently and truly realize the Truth. After investigating the Truth, they can understand delusion, karma and retribution. We must constantly be cautious in this world, there are countless temptations. So let us constantly be apprehensive. Only with a sense of fear can we be diligent.
Second is a sense of fear. As ordinary people, the karma we create through body, speech and mind is often negative. Due to these causes and conditions, after this life ends, accordingly we fall into Hell, Animal or Hungry Ghost Realms. We should truly feel alarmed and terrified. It is horrible and dreadful.
"Second is a sense of fear. As ordinary people, the karma we create through body, speech and mind is often negative. Due to these causes and conditions, after this life ends, accordingly we fall into Hell, Animal or Hungry Ghost Realms to experience immeasurable suffering. We should truly feel alarmed and terrified. It is horrible and dreadful.”
Body: We kill, steal, and commit sexual misconduct.
We should recognize that ordinary people create Threefold karma of body, speech and mind
Speech: We lie, flatter, gossip and speak harshly.
Speech: We lie, flatter, gossip and speak harshly.
Mind: We are greedy, angry and ignorant
Mind: We are greedy, angry and ignorant. All together, these are the Ten Evils. Ordinary people do more evil than good. Whenever thoughts arise, they are mostly selfish, rather than having empathy for others.
So every action we take normally centers around ourselves. "I love, I resent, I like, I hate." We always focus on the "I". As external conditions appear, discrimination arises. When we see someone we resent, hatred arises in our minds. However, when we see someone we like, our minds are filled with joy. This kind of discrimination brings much suffering.
When it comes to someone we like, our attachment will give rise to jealousy. For example, when a person we like speaks with others and seems to be more intimate with them, we cannot bear it. This happens so easily in our relationships, it is so easy for these thoughts to arise. If we desire to posses everything, we will create countless negative acts. It is very easy to commit evil deeds through our actions and speech, but we do so unknowingly and without awareness.
As it states in the text, "the karma we create through body, speech and mind is often negative." Therefore, let us always be vigilant. If we lose this human form, we may not regain it for countless kalpaks. After this life ends, accordingly we will "fall into Hell, Animal or Hungry Ghost Realms." These Realms are places we must fear.
When the Buddha was alive, He often gave specific teachings as He traveled. Once Ananda and Skamania Buddha were in a marketplace, and saw an old man selling fish. As he peddled his wares, he cried and lamented his sufferings. What caused his suffering? The old man said, "Why has fate been so unfair to me? This business was handled by my son. Why did he die so suddenly? I am already so old I suffer so much!"
Listening to the old man's lament, the Buddha gave a slight, sad smile. When He looked down, He saw the fish struggling for their lives, so He shook his head and smiled slightly.
Then they exited the market and continued on the village road. They saw a pig covered in its own excrement. When it saw the Buddha, it walked toward Him. It had a terrible smell. When the Buddha saw the pig, he again looked helpless, then gave a slight smile.
Ananda had always been very observant of the Buddha's every action. When he saw this, he quickly approached the Buddha and asked as they continued walking, "Venerable Buddha! I am puzzled. At the market, when the old man complained about his troubles, You had a helpless expression on your face, but then you smiled slightly. There must be a reason. Venerable Buddha, what causes and conditions did you see in the old man? Then you looked at the fish and shook your head and gave a helpless sad smile. So what causes and conditions did the fish have? And just now when we saw the pig, you responded in the same way. Can you please explain this to me?"
The Buddha said, "Yes. These are causes and conditions. The old man suffers because he cannot let go of his son's sudden death. Moreover he lamented his life. Yet he never thought about how he spent his life catching fish. Those fish also had relatives and offspring. When he fished did he consider that the fish also had a life? With his net he separated many loved ones. Now that his son is dead he continually laments his suffering and complains because he does not know the karma he created before He separated loved ones and took lives. Yet he feels nothing about this, he only feels the pain of the loss of his son. He was pitiable and helpless. So I smiled slightly at the ignorance of people in the world.
Then I looked at those fish. In the past there were Devas, heavenly beings who flew around freely. They were born in heaven due to the blessings accumulated in previous lives. They were like emperors of Heaven. I saw some of them among the fish. Now they are confined in a bowl."
Ananda said, "How terrifying! They were Devas who flew around freely. How could they so quickly become fish trapped in a vat of water, especially fish waiting to be sold?"
The Buddha replied, "One who does good attains blessings, and is born in heaven. When blessings are exhausted, one cannot escape one's evil retributions. This is only the beginning. Much move suffering awaits them" Ananda said, "This is frightening"
"But Venerable Buddha, when you saw the pig come near us, you gave it a slight smile. Why is that?" The Buddha replied, "It is a long story. Innumerable Kalpaks ago, there were two young men in a small village. One of them walked the evil path, relying on his spiritual powers. He performed hexes and cast poison spells on others. He harmed many people. The other young man took joy in Dharma, enjoyed doing good and giving to others. These two young men were friends. This young man often said to his friend on the evil path, we must choose the right faith. I'll take you to a monk. When we hear him expound Dharma, we can understand many Truths of life. But the friend always replied, I'm busy. You go on ahead. So, one walked on the Right Path while the other went astray."
"Ananda, do you know? The one who diligently pursued the Right Path, encountered Dharma, behaved cautiously and abided by the precepts of purity was actually I, Skamania Buddha. The other young man continued on the deviant path and became more entrenched in evil thinking views and practices. So not only is he reborn as an animal today, he has been cycling through the. Three Evil Realms without a chance for escape. Today, we met again. Even though he kept following me, there remains a great distance between Buddha hood and the Animal Realm. We were separated by just one right thought and one evil thought. Now our two paths are so far apart. That is why I felt helpless. So I just smiled slightly at sentient beings ignorance.
There is no permanence in the Six Realms. Even a heavenly being, a Deva, will fall when blessings are exhausted, and be reborn into a place of suffering. Some arrived there recently. Others have spent a long time in the Three Evil Realms. Some people are still committing evil deeds. When they face just a tiny bit of retribution, they complain and blame others. This is the ignorance of sentient beings.
Upon hearing the Buddha's explanation to Ananda of the three occasions of slight smiles, we should heighten our vigilance. Even though the Deva was born in Heaven, he inevitably committed some wrongdoings. Even the smallest act of evil leads one to fall. The two men were friends. The one who followed the Right Path tried to counsel the other, but they still ended up choosing different paths.
That is how people interact these days. We may be on the same path and practice together, but in our practices, the karma of body, speech and mind are unequal. Some are diligent in their spiritual practice. They realize ten things from one teaching. For those with superior capabilities, from one teaching, they realize 1000 things and can understand many Truths. These are people with superior capabilities.
Some people are average. At least they realize ten things from one teaching. Those of inferior capabilities will realize only one thing from one teaching. However, those with the lowest aptitudes will hear the teachings but learn nothing. They will continue to think and act as they please. Though they say they are practicing, their minds have strayed. They do not have Right Thinking or Right Views so they no longer have Right Speech and Right Actions.
This often happens with just one incorrect thought. So as we practice, once we understand this, we must have a sense of fear in our minds.
What we are doing now is the cause that will lead to an effect in the next moment. Every thought that arises, every action we take can lead to karma and wrongdoing.
With every word we speak, every action we take, whether speaking or silent, moving or still, we create karma and wrongdoings. As ordinary people our minds are focused on ourselves. When selfish thoughts arise, we tend to do more evil than good. Therefore, let us constantly heighten our vigilance. Losing the human form and falling into the Three Evil Destinies is alarming terrifying, horrible and dreadful.
So everyone, please always be mindful. Remember to keep that sense of shame and fear in your minds, and constantly be vigilant.
出处：http://moya.iyard.org/bin/view/Blog/BlogEntry2257
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