静思晨语 - 2011年4月5日 – 19 – 法譬如水：心灵的境地

The Spiritual State of MInd



我们每天都这样说：「法譬如水。」人人的心地，应该要每天好好清除，清除内心。

今日所以忏悔者，正为无始以来在凡夫地，莫问贵贱 罪相无量，或因三业而生罪，或从六根而起过。

我们应该要时时用法，佛陀的教法是最好的清净法水，因为我们每一个人都是凡夫。凡夫心地多染着，所以「莫问贵贱，罪相无量」。我们自无始以来，我们不断受秽垢覆盖我们的心地，所以我们应该要时时好好清扫这片心灵的境地。

身、口、意三业造十恶。

在上一回的法譬如水「罪业灭福就生」当中，我们说到三业：「或因三业而生罪。」

十恶业
身业：杀、盗、淫；
口业：恶口、妄语、绮语、两舌；
意业：贪、嗔、痴。

三业是「身、口、意」，而这三业可以开展成为「十恶业」，说起来烦恼无量无边，罪业还是一样，好像是大地尘沙，怎么说只有三业、十恶？这只不过是一个总目，所以我们应该要知道，多数都是从「身之所造、口之所言、意之所思」。

我们的身体就有三业。

身业不善造三恶——杀：谓杀害生命，盗：谓盗取财物，淫：谓淫狎行动。

众生共业，灾难若发生，真的就不可收拾了。所以只是说到「身杀业」，我们从无始以来，就已经不知造就了多少的杀业？直接、间接，的确身是罪恶的渊薮，就因为有这个身体，而也因为有这个身体，也就会无限量的在造作种种业。

除了身的造作以外，还有口。你看，身体除了杀业以外，还有「盗」。在上一回的法譬如水「罪业灭福就生」当中也说过，还有「淫」。真的是「杀、盗、淫」都是从心起。就是淫业，所以造就了人心的不安，无论是因色杀人、因情杀，或是仇杀，这些都是很可怕的。

口业不善造四恶：恶口、妄语、绮语、两舌。

接下来就是口业，口同样有四业：「恶口、忘语、绮语、两舌」。我们感觉起来只是说话而已，我只是说错话而已，这样就有业吗？我只是说话大声一点而已，这样就有过错吗？我只是把他说的话一句话，不经意的随口转述传出去而已，这样有要紧吗？虽然平时我心里对他很气、很恨他，但是我对他都是讲很好听的话，这样也有造就怎么样的业吗？

有啊！这些就是「恶口」，恶口真的是很伤人的心。人与人之间为什么会有人我是非呢？人我是非都是从恶口而起。我们的恶口，话一说出口都是在伤害他人，大声骂人，有很多应该要做的事情就无法去做。被骂的人心烦；骂人的人就是血气旺盛，心静不下来。除了自己造业以外，也伤害他人。

恶口往往都是两败俱伤，恶口难免都会针锋相对。我们现在每天打开电视看新闻，常常都是这样的境界，同一个地点，同样那些人，很多事情该做都无法去做，就是针锋相对。恶口是自伤也是伤人，何况恶口等于是不断地在诅咒，诅咒别人，也诅咒自己。像这样造成人与人之间无法祥和，社会就无法安定。何况不断地在诅咒他人，也不断地在诅咒自己，所以恶口实在是很可怕。

我们学佛，我们不但不恶口，我们还要轻声柔语，我们要用内心的爱，去安抚很多心已经受伤的人。所以要好好锻炼，不要恶口，我们要学会温柔爱语。

「妄言」就是说谎话。「妄言」是把有的说成无，把无的说成有，颠倒是非，无法伸张正义。这种人与人互相相处，什么是真的？什么是假的？无法分辨清楚，都是起因于「妄言」。这个人说的话，倒底能不能相信？彼此之间在说话，我能够相信他几分呢？这种人与人无法相信，人格无法建立。我们对别人有怀疑，别人同样也会对我们有所怀疑，彼此有怀疑，彼此的人格就会受损。所以妄言就是没有信用，说的话让人无法很相信。

人家把你当朋友，诉说心中的不满，你却跑去跟对方传话，增加两边烦恼，积怨更深，这就叫做两舌。

再来就是「两舌」。两舌就是「东家长、西家短」。这个人心中有所不满，把你当成知己，讲一些心灵不满的事情，我们应该要在中间以爱语做为桥梁，让他们彼此的误会能够好好消除，建立互相信赖的感情，应该要这样。但是我们却逞着一时的口快，我听到他说了些什么：「某某人怎么样。」一听到了马上就跟对方说：「什么人说你怎样！」

说不定我们在中间转述的时候，其实本来是出于好意，觉得「他说你怎样，他这样说，你是不是要好好反省一下。」但话不要说得太直，要知道「说者无心，听者有意。」这样直接转述，结果反而又多了一层的伤害。

我们应做和事佬，以爱语做桥梁，以智慧消除误会，否则容易造业。

所以我们在若是想要当两造之间的和事佬，或者是有心要安抚，让他们的感情能再弥补起来，就要运用智慧。说话的时候要留心、注意，不要在这边这样说，结果凡而变成有意去搬弄是非。我们若是不小心，就容易造业。因为一句话说错，就会反而造就更多的「是非」在两者之间作怪。让这边的烦恼、让那边的烦恼增加，怨与恨就会愈积愈多。

恶口、妄语、绮语、两舌，在无意中都会犯，唯有保持至诚的心，才不会说谎、搬弄是非，转而用智慧建造爱的桥梁。

再来就是「绮语」。「绮语」就是这个人平时讲话看起来都很轻柔，都是笑笑的在说，所以就觉得这个人讲的话都可以相信，无论他说了些什么你都会听信。但是你可知道？有的人就是「口是心非」，「口蜜腹剑」，其实肚子里是一把很锐利的剑。用甜蜜的话说给你听，其实句句都是迷魂颠倒，这可能大家比较无法注意到，我们要用智慧。

人与人之间君子相交淡如水，我们现在人与人之间互相在相处，要让每个人都不能没有我，就像人与水一样，每一个人都不能缺少水。但是水喝起来味道只是淡淡的，这种淡淡的水是每一个人都所需要的。我们待人也是一样，需要我们时，我们要尽心去付出，我们若是没有诚意，只是讲很好听的话，这都叫做「绮语」。

所以我们口会造作这四项「恶口、妄言、两舌、绮语」的恶业。这都是我们在日常生活当中，在无意中都会犯的错误。有时候别人说话太大声，听起来不顺心，难听的话就又说了出去，就这样互相伤害。

妄言要不得，妄言会伤害我们的人格。两舌搬弄是非，使人与人之间无法合心。这种搬弄是非，是一个团体当中最致命的因素。所以一个团体当中，人多的地方，绝对不可以有这种搬弄是非、卖弄口舌的行为。

当然人与人之间的相处要用诚意、诚恳、诚实心来对待人。我们若用至诚的心，我们就不会对人大小声。我们若有诚恳的心，就能够建立我们的信誉。有了诚意，我们就不会说谎；我们若是有了诚意，我们就不会去搬弄是非，我们会运用智慧来建造爱的桥梁。

所以在《地藏经》中也说过「开口动舌，无不是业、无不是罪」。开口动舌，只不过是舌头动一下而已，你看，不但影响自己、也影响他人、影响社会、影响家庭、影响我们人与人之间的互相对待。所以看起来感觉很简单，其实这是最复杂的。倘若我们能够用最简单的一个「诚」字来对待人，那样凡事就都简单了，就美了。

所以听到的事情不用放在心上，如果把听到的事情，常常都放在心上，那就是烦恼了，那样就是「意业」。

无论是身的「杀、盗、淫」，或是口的「恶口、妄言、两舌、绮语」，这些都是从心而起。我们的意囤积了很多的烦恼，所以我们的心才会被烦恼覆盖住，才会欠缺智慧去分辨。因为我们无法以智慧分别，我们所表达出来的也都是无明烦恼。人间就是无明，无明又不断地复制，好像现在所说的病毒一样。

心灵的病毒是非常的可怕的，所以请大家要时时用心，应用清水来洗涤污染的环境；更要用法水来洗涤我们的内心。所以我们要时时多用心啊！


Every day we discuss how Dharma is like water. Everyone of us should thoroughly cleanse our heart and mind each day.

We repent today because we ordinary people have remained unenlightened since beginningless time. Regardless of social status, everyone has committed innumerable wrongs. These transgressions arise from the Threefold Karma or the Six Roots.

To do that, we need to apply Dharma at every moment. The Buddha's teaching is the best water for cleansing our minds. Because we are ordinary people, our minds are tainted by many defilements. “Regardless of social status”, “everyone has committed innumerable wrongdoings”

Since beginningless time we have continued to accumulate defilements that obscure our mind. Therefore, we should constantly work to cleanse these defilements from our minds.

Wrongs are committed through the Threefold Karma.

Yesterday we spoke of the Threefold Karma. “Wrongs are committed through the Threefold Karma.”

The Threefold Karma of body, speech and mind creates the Ten Evils. Karma of the Ten Evils – Body: killing, stealing, sexual misconduct. Speech: harsh words, lies, flattery, gossip. Mind: greed, anger, ignorance.

The Threefold Karma are body, speech and mind, which branch out into the Ten Evils. Just as our afflictions are innumerable, like dust on this earth, so too, are our bad karma. Why do we speak only of Threefold Karma and Ten Evils? Because they are the broad categories. We should understand that much is created through conduct, speech and thought. Through the body, we committed three kinds of evils.

The body's unwholesome conduct creates Three Evils.
Killing: killing and harming living beings.
Stealing: taking others' valuables.
Sexual Misconduct: improper sexual acts.

With collective karma, when disaster occurs, the result will be devastating. Since beginningless time, we have created much bad karma through killing, both indirectly and directly. The body has truly created many transgressions with this body, we continue to created incalculable bad karma.

Bad karma is also created through speech. Besides killing, the body also commits the evils of stealing and sexual misconduct. Killing, stealing and sexual misconduct all originate from the mind. Moreover, sexual misconduct creates distress and fear. Whether killing for the sake of lust, romantic attachment or revenge, such killings are all fearsome.

There are four evils of speech - harsh words, lies, flattery and gossip.

The next is karma of speech. There are four evils of speech - harsh words, lies, flattery and gossip. We might think, “They're just simply words” “I only spoke wrongly, does that really create bad karma?” “I only spoke a bit loudly and harshly, is that really mistake?” “I only unintentionally repeated and spread someone else's words, is that really so serious?” Or, “Although I am really angry at him and despise, I only say sweet words to him. Does that really create bad karma?”

Yes, it does. “Harsh words” can really hurt others. Why are there so many interpersonal conflicts between people? Interpersonal conflicts originate from harsh words. When we speak harshly, our intention is to hurt others. When we scold others loudly, many things that need to be done cannot be done, because the person we scolded gets irritated, and we ourselves become agitated and unable to calm down. Thus, not only do we create bad karma, we also harm others.

Harsh words often damage both parties, and inevitably turn into heated arguments. When we watch the news each day, we often see a group of people who are not able to perform many of their duties because they're always fighting with each other.

Harsh speech harms oneself as well as others. Moreover, abusive speech is just like constantly cursing others and cursing oneself. With such verbal battles, there is no harmony between people, and society cannot be at peace. Moreover, people are constantly cursing others, and constantly cursing themselves. Hence, harsh words are truly frightening.

As Buddhists, not only should we abstain from harsh speech, we should speak gentle and kind words. We should express our love and help soothe whose hearts have been wounded. Thus we should train ourselves to not to speak harsh words, and to develop gentle and kind speech.

“Lying” is speaking untruthful words, twisting and manipulating the truth and creating conflicts, so that there is no justice. When interacting with a person who lies, it is difficult to differentiate between what is true and what is fabricated. This is all the result of untruthful speech. We doubt this person's words and the validity of what he or she tells us. Thus there is no trust between people. There is no integrity. When we have doubts about others, they will surely have doubts about us too. Being suspicious of one another, both parties damage their characters. So by speaking untruthfully, one will lose credibility as one's words cannot be trusted.

When your friend reveals his grievances to you and you pass the comments to the other party involved, this creates deeper afflictions and resentment for both parties. This is called gossiping.

The next evil speech is “gossiping” which is to bear tales about others. For instance, someone who has grievances may take us as a confidant. When he reveals issues regarding another person that bother him, we should serve as the bridge between them by speaking kind words. We should eliminate the misunderstanding between them so they can build a trusting relationship. This is what we should do. However, without thinking, we tend to tell others about what we've heard as soon as we hear it. We say, “So-and-so said this about you.”

Maybe we pass on the comments out of good intention, hoping that the other person's comments may cause this person to examine himself. However, when we are too direct, even though we may mean nothing ill, the listener may interpret it differently and be harmed by it.

We should help people mend their relationship. We must use kind speech to bridge the gap and use wisdom to eliminate misunderstandings. Otherwise, we can easily create bad karma.

When we speak, if we wish to act as mediator, and help others mend their relations, we need to use wisdom. Do not pass on people's comments to another. No matter if we are gossiping with ill intentions or trying to appease and mend others relationships. It is very easy for us to create bad karma in the process. The comments we convey may cause more trouble and create even more afflictions for both parties, so that their resentments deepen.

Unintentionally we speak harsh words, lies, flattery and gossip. Only with utmost sincerity, do we refrain from lies and gossip, and utilize wisdom to build a bridge of love.

Next is “flattery.” Some people speak very softly and smoothly. They always wear a smile, making it for others to trust them. Every word they say is trusted, but little do we realize that they do not mean what they say. Their words are poison in the honey. They say pleasing words that beguile and confuse you. This is something that is difficult to detect. We must use wisdom.

It's said that for noble relationships are plain like water. In our relationships with others, our goal is to let them feel that we are like water which they cannot do without. No one can live without water. The taste of water is very plain. Yet this plain water is what everyone needs. The way that we treat others is similar. When we are needed, we should do our best to help, if we are not sincere and only say pleasing words that lack sincerity; that is flattery.

So there are four evils committed through speech, harsh words, lies, gossip and flattery. These are offenses that we all unwittingly commit in our daily life.

Sometimes when others speak loudly and annoy us, we start to say unkind words, creating mutual harm. As for lies, never speak them. By lying, we damage our own integrity. Gossiping causes discord and makes unity impossible. Gossiping is most detrimental in an organization. In an organization where there are many people, one should never bear tales or gossip.

We should always be genuine in our interactions with others. If we have a sincere and heartfelt attitude, we will not speak harshly. When we are truly honest and sincere, we build a reputation of trustworthiness. With sincerity, we do not lie. Being genuine and sincere, we do not spread rumors or gossip. Instead, we use our wisdom to build a bridge of love between others.

Every word we utter is karma and is a transgression. This is written in the Earth Treasury Sutra. With the opening of the mouth and moving of the tongue, speech affects oneself, others, one's family and the society. It influences how people treat one another. So while it may seem very simple, it is actually most complex. If we can be simple and treat others with genuine sincerity, everything will become simple and wonderful.

Do not hold onto matters you hear. If we keep them in our hearts, we will always be troubled. That is karma through thought.

Be they physical acts of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct or verbal acts of lies, flattery, gossip, harsh words, they all originate from the mind. We have accumulated many afflictions in the mind. Obscured by afflictions, we lack the wisdom to differentiate. Being unable to differentiate with wisdom, we express only ignorance and afflictions. Our world is filled with ignorance. Ignorance continues to multiply like virus.

A spiritual virus is fearsome. So please always be mindful. Just as we wash away defilements with water, we should cleanse our minds with Dharma-water. So please always be mindful.

出处：http://moya.iyard.org/bin/view/Blog/BlogEntry2215